Ukraine was the fifth largest exporter of iron ore in the world in 2019 and in the same year, iron ore was the third most-exported product in the country. Oil shale reserves (3.7 billion tons) have been discovered at the border of the Kirovohrad and Cherkasy regions. Could that be the US' pretext to compete with Russia? Towns on the northern steppe area are all modern, notably Dzhankoi, a major road- and rail-junction. Among the many natural resources can be identified the main minerals of Crimea in short: Fossils of sedimentary origin; Fossils of volcanic origin; Fossils of marine origin. Interior: Most of the former capitals of Crimea stood on the north side of the mountains. Inside these zones, countries. Historically, possession of the southern coast of Crimea was sought after by most empires of the greater region since antiquity (Roman, Byzantine, Ottoman, Russian, British and French, Nazi German, Soviet). arable land: 7.3% (2018 est.) In many ways, Russia is land-locked and Putin needs Ukraine for military and commercial shipping reasons. Ukraine has high concentrations of coal, iron, oil . Germany is also a big consumer of Russia's natural gas. [48] In the mountains, the mean annual temperature is around 5.7C (42.3F). Follow us @livescience, Facebook & Google+. Cattle, poultry and sheep breeding are also important and Crimea is home to a variety of natural resources like salt, porphyry, limestone, and ironstone. Many anti-Communist fighters and civilians escaped to Istanbul but up to 150,000 were killed in Crimea. Despite its devastation, the Crimean War was noteworthy for several advances: Florence Nightingale and Russian surgeons introduced modern methods of nursing and battlefield care that are still in use today; the Russians soon abolished their medieval system of serfdom (in which peasants were bound to serve landowners, even as soldiers); and the use of photography and the telegraph gave the war a distinctly modern cast. The text proclaims the Republic of Crimea is a democratic, legal state within the Russian Federation and an equal subject of the Russian Federation. Russian-allied troops in Crimea have taken hold of key targets including airports, government offices and military bases and Russian military leaders demanded the complete surrender of all Ukrainian forces in Crimea on Monday (March 3). Catherine the Great's incorporation of the Crimea in 1783 into the Russian Empire increased Russia's power in the Black Sea area. The Crimean Peninsula is connected to Ukraine by two narrow necks of land, making it more like an island with two natural land bridges than simply a bit of land jutting out into the sea. [18] In English usage since the early modern period the Crimean Khanate is referred to as Crim Tartary.[19]. While these colossal gas reserves remain unexploited, the country is still important for gas transport from Russia to Europe. During the Russian Civil War, Crimea changed hands many times and was where Wrangel's anti-Bolshevik White Army made their last stand. After the fall of the Soviet Union, Crimean Tatars began to return to the region. [36] The largest rivers are the Salhyr (Salr, ), the Kacha (), the Alma (), and the Belbek (). [48] Winds from the northwest bring warm and wet air from the Atlantic Ocean, causing precipitation during spring and summer. The Crimean peninsula extends off the southern coast of Ukraine into the Black Sea. A fluid backstory: Crimea is a sea-girdled peninsula of arid steppes and salty marshes. Soviet leader Joseph Stalin may have dealt the Tatars their cruelest blow: By shipping food out of Crimea to central Russia in the 1920s, Stalin starved hundreds of thousands of Tatars. Between 1925 and 1969 the camp hosted 300,000 children. During World War II, Crimean Tatars were deported by the thousands to serve as laborers and other menial workers in Russia under inhuman conditions about half the Tatar population reportedly died as a result. Race between Russia and the West for Ukrainian resources. In the event of economic sanctions, the supply chain for titanium could be affected, and furthermore, the ability to produce aircraft could be hampered. Over 50 per cent of Ukraine's annual corn and wheat shipments head to Africa or the Middle East. [48] It is characterized by diversity and the presence of microclimates. Life expectancy in the Republic of Crimea, Life expectancy in Crimea and neighboring regions, In 2013, Orthodox Christians made up 58% of the Crimean population, followed by Muslims (15%) and believers in God without religion (10%). Ukraine's economic significance for Russia and the West. [71] This local electricity generation has proven insufficient for local consumption and since annexation by Russia, Crimea has been reliant on an underwater power cable to mainland Russia.[72]. After the fall of the Soviet empire, Tatars began to return to their ancestral Crimean homeland, where they now number about 250,000 roughly 12 percent of the Crimean population. In response to Russia's illegal annexation of Crimea, 100 members of the UN passed UNGA resolution 68/262, rejecting the "referendum" as baseless and invalid and confirming the sovereignty, political independence, unity, and territorial integrity of Ukraine. Heres how it works. In 1944, Crimean Tatars were ethnically cleansed and deported under the orders of Joseph Stalin, in what has been described as a cultural genocide. Crimea has 540 MW of its own electricity generation capacity, including the 100 MW Simferopol Thermal Power Plant, the 22 MW Sevastopol Thermal Power Plant and the 19 MW Kamish-Burunskaya Thermal Power Plant. As a buffer for the two conflicting blocs, Ukraine has had very difficult choices to make in the last decade. Ukrainian geologists note that Crimea is very rich in natural resources. Crimea is a peninsula that protrudes straight into the Black Sea. All the strategic positions notwithstanding, to Russia and the West, Ukraine of the future is an untouched, untapped, natural resource hotspot. In 2020, despite all pandemic-related difficulties, 6.9 million people vacationed in Crimea. under the crescent flag of Islam, began to be a place where Christians were persecuted. [108] According to the 2001 Ukrainian population census, 60% of the population of Crimea are ethnic Russians and 24% are ethnic Ukrainians.[107]. In the medieval period, it was partially conquered by Kievan Rus' whose prince was baptized at Sevastopol starting the Christianization of Kievan Rus'. This video is about being naked in nature and it's called "nudism" For reprint rights: Syndications Today. Nearby: East of the Kerch Strait the Ancient Greeks founded colonies at Phanagoria (at the head of Taman Bay), Hermonassa (later Tmutarakan and Taman), Gorgippia (later a Turkish port and now Anapa). The southern coast gradually consolidated into the Bosporan Kingdom which was annexed by Pontus and then became a client kingdom of Rome from 63 BCE to 341 CE. . Odessa stands where the coast turns southwest. The origin of the word Qrm is uncertain. [49], Most of the peninsula receives more than 2,000 sunshine hours per year; it reaches up to 2,505 sunshine hours in Qarabiy yayla in the Crimean Mountains. Mangup/Doros (Gothic, Theodoro). Unlike most of the young pioneer camps, Artek was an all-year camp, due to the warm climate. Livestock production includes cattle breeding, poultry keeping, and sheep breeding. By Alexander_Kudrin. We simply do not know. These are some of the main attractions of Crimea as a tourist destination. [citation needed] It was the first official census in Crimea since a Ukrainian-held census in 2001. A senior Pentagon official has called the war's frontlines in Ukraine a "grinding slog" as he said that Russian forces are unlikely to make significant . The political system has become increasingly personalised, leading to the question of whether it can survive beyond Putin himself. Crimea[a] (/krami/ (listen) kry-MEE-) is a peninsula in Ukraine, on the northern coast of the Black Sea, that has been occupied by Russia since 2014. The longest river of Crimea is the Salhyr at 204km (127mi). Lithium fields in Ukraine are concentrated in Zaporizhzhia oblast (Kruta Balka area), Donetsk (Shevchenkivske field), and Kirovohrad (Polokhivske field, Dobra area). On the south side is the large Donuzlav Bay and the port and ancient Greek settlement of Yevpatoria/Kerkinitis/Gzleve. At the aggravation of political situation between Russia and Ukraine, the . Throughout this time the interior was occupied by a changing cast of steppe nomads. They list seven ports where cruise ships cannot dock. One of the modern Ukrainian drilling rigs stolen by Russia during the annexation of the Crimea. [50] In July mean temperatures range from 15.4C (59.7F) in Ai-Petri to 23.4C (74.1F) in the central parts of Crimea to 24.4C (75.9F) in Myskhor. [59], The most important industries in Crimea include food production, chemical fields, mechanical engineering, and metalworking, and fuel production industries. [48] As well, winds from the southwest bring very warm and wet air from the subtropical latitudes of the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean sea and cause precipitation during fall and winter. The economy continues to depend heavily on natural resources and to be plagued by corruption and crony capitalism. Natural reserves of Crimea are six objects on the territory of which plants, animals, landscapes and ecosystems are carefully preserved. Although it accounts for only 0.4% and 0.8% of the Earth's land surface and world's population respectively, the country has approximately 5% of the world's mineral resources. Some varieties are found in many regions of the Crimea, other specimens are considered rare. Russia eventually lost and ceded its claim to the peninsula, but not before the cities and villages of Crimea were ravaged. [21], The north and centre of Crimea fell to the Mongol Golden Horde, although the south coast was still controlled by the Christian Principality of Theodoro and Genoese colonies. [109][110][111] This was part of the 800,000 Germans in Russia who were relocated within the Soviet Union during Stalinist times. Lithium and titanium are some of the precious metals on earth today. The natural vegetation consists of scrublands, woodlands, and forests, with a climate and vegetation similar to the Mediterranean Basin. A major source of prosperity in these times were frequents raids into Russia for slaves. The northwestern portion holds estimated reserves of 495.7 bcm of natural gas and 50.4 million tons of oil and condensate. But it is one of the few nations with a closed-loop production in the titanium industry - from mining and processing of the titanium iron ores to the producer of finished products. This "riviera" stretches along the southeast coast from capes Fiolent and Aya, in the south, to Feodosia. [26] It was occupied by Germany from 1942 to 1944 during the Second World War. Tough choice for Ukraine. Here, the narrow strip of coast and the slopes of the mountains are smothered with greenery. Natural gas reserves are estimated at 5.4 trillion cubic metres (tcm), with proven reserves of 1.1 tcm of natural gas, more than 400 million tonnes (Mt) of gas condensate and 850 Mt of oil reserves. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Today, the Crimean Tatar name of the peninsula is Qrm, while the Russian is (Krym), and the Ukrainian is (Krym). Several times a week Simferopol is also linked with Volgograd, Sochi, Yekaterinburg, Omsk and even Murmansk by train. With Russia's movements becoming increasingly suspicious . It became a "health" destination for Soviet workers, and hundreds of thousands of Soviet tourists visited Crimea. In 2021, India imported coal to meet its domestic coal shortage and with the Russian invasion of Ukraine, that supply chain is going to get impacted. When . Here are just a few: 1. Ukraine loses half of its natural gas deposits due to occupation of Crimea. Ethnic composition of Crimea's population has changed dramatically since the early 20th century. St. Vladimir's Cathedral, dedicated to the Heroes of Sevastopol (Crimean War). They may be outnumbered, however: While much of western Ukraine favors a greater political, economic and cultural alliance with Western Europe and the United States, the majority of those in eastern Ukraine and Crimea where many residents are ethnic Russians look to Moscow for leadership and support. Across the Black Sea to the west lies Romania and to the south is Turkey. [94] In 2013, however, the Crimean Tatar language was estimated to be on the brink of extinction, being taught in Crimea only in around 15 schools at that point. The main branches of the modern Crimean economy are agriculture and fishing oysters pearls, industry and manufacturing, tourism, and ports. Despite being rich in natural resources and blessed by a favorable geographical location and a mild climate . which is highly dependent on Russian natural gas and requires the unanimous assent of 27 . The Crimean Premier League is now the top professional football league in Crimea. 22. [60] Other products produced on the Crimean Peninsula include salt, porphyry, limestone, and ironstone (found around Kerch) since ancient times. "Shortly before the occupation, agreements were . Everything else is the ruins of an ancient city. According to Reuters, Crimea may nationalize oil and gas assets within its borders belonging to Ukraine, and sell them off to Russia. [57] According to the Russian administration of Crimea, they dropped to 3.8million in 2014,[58] and rebounded to 5.6million by 2016. II, v 9.5) refer variously to the Strait of Kerch as the (Kimmerikos Bosporos, romanized spelling, Bosporus Cimmerius), its easternmost part as the (Kimmerion Akron, Roman name: Promontorium Cimmerium),[2] as well as to the city of Cimmerium and thence the name of the Kingdom of the Cimmerian Bosporus ( ). There are a total of 291 large industrial enterprises and 1002 small business enterprises. Much of the country's corn and wheat are destined for Africa and West Asia, which are heavily reliant on imports for food items. The most famous is Yalta, whose territory has been permanently withdrawn from economic exploitation. Crimea was the background for Adam Mickiewicz's seminal work, The Crimean Sonnets inspired by his 1825 travel. Estimated oil and gas deposits in the Sea of Azov are 413 million tons. Marc has a Master's degree in environmental planning from the University of California, Berkeley, and an undergraduate degree from the University of Texas at Austin. [48] Snowfall is common in the mountains during winter. But propaganda aside, perhaps the answer is more simple: oil and gas. [49] Winters are mild at lower altitudes (in the foothills) and colder at higher altitudes. Alushta Embankment. As a buffer for the two conflicting blocs, Ukraine has had very difficult choices to make in the last decade. It has a population of 2.4 million. [24], From 1853 to 1856, the strategic position of the peninsula in controlling the Black Sea meant that it was the site of the principal engagements of the Crimean War, where Russia lost to a French-led alliance.[25]. Crimea, the role of energy has been neglected entirely or trivialized to the level of the gas dispute between a gas owner, Russia, and the transit actor, Ukraine. (More than 50 percent of the Crimean economy is devoted to food production and distribution industries, according to Ukrainian government figures.). "If there is a conflict, as the minority, we will be the first to suffer," Usein Sarano, a Crimean Tatar, told Reuters. [48] The Southern Coast is shielded from cold air masses coming from the north and, as a result, has milder winters. But these numbers included Berdyansky, Dneprovsky and Melitopolsky uyezds which were on mainland, not in Crimea. [51], The Black Sea ports of Crimea provide quick access to the Eastern Mediterranean, Balkans and Middle East. There are many Crimean legends about famous touristic places, which attract the attention of tourists. To illustrate, the US' Boeing has broadened its titanium supply chain since 2014, when Russia was sanctioned for its annexation of Crimea from Ukraine, however, it is still heavily reliant on Russia's VSMPO-AVISMA -- world's largest manufacturer of titanium -- for the supply of the metal. [117], Crimean Tatar singer Jamala won the Eurovision Song Contest 2016 representing Ukraine with her song "1944", about the historic deportation of Crimean Tatars in that year by Soviet authorities. Older plants in operation include the Sevastopol TEC (close to Inkerman) which uses AEG and Ganz Elektro turbines and turbogenerators generating about 25 MW each, Sinferopol TEC (north, in Agrarne locale) Yepvatoria, Kamysh Burun TEC (Kerch south Zaliv) and a few others. For the strategy to work, the Crimean peninsula was of strategic importance. Crimea contains the longest (96km or 59mi) trolleybus route in the world, founded in 1959, stretching from Simferopol to Yalta. Trolleybuses are also operated in Sevastopol and Kerch. [35], There are 257 rivers and major streams on the Crimean peninsula; they are primarily fed by rainwater, with snowmelt playing a very minor role. The 1879 census for the Taurida Governorate reported a Jewish population of 4.20%, not including a Karaite population of 0.43%. This bridge was damaged during an attack on October 8, 2022. A number of dams have created reservoirs; among the largest are the Simferopolskoye, Alminskoye,[43] the Taygansky and the Belogorsky just south of Bilohirsk in Bilohirsk Raion. Are Ukraine's vast natural resources a real reason behind Russia's invasion? From west to east are: Heracles Peninsula; Balaklava/Symbalon/Cembalo, a smaller natural harbor south of Sevastopol; Foros, the southernmost point; Alupka with the Vorontsov Palace (Alupka); Gaspra; Yalta; Gurzuf; Alushta. [48] In January mean temperatures range from 3C (26.6F) in Armiansk to 4.4C (39.9F) in Myskhor. As a result of the Ukrainian water blockade of Crimea, Moscow may also be . [91] This is down from the 2001 Ukrainian Census figure, which was 2,376,000 (Autonomous Republic of Crimea: 2,033,700, Sevastopol: 342,451). [65][66], Crimea also possesses several natural gas fields both onshore and offshore, which were starting to be drilled by western oil and gas companies before annexation. Given its long history and many conquerors, most towns in Crimea have several names. Caffa: Early Western Expansion in the Late Medieval World, 12611475., These numbers exclude the population numbers for Berdyansky, Dneprovsky and Melitopolsky Uyezds, which were on mainland. At the mouth of the estuary is Ochakiv. Russia in the Black Sea. [114], Following the 2014 Russian annexation of Crimea, 38 out of the 46 Ukrainian Orthodox Church Kyiv Patriarchate parishes in Crimea ceased to exist; in three cases, churches were seized by the Russian authorities. However, no mining work is happening in the area currently. In terms of natural gas, the country has around 1.09 trillion cubic meters, which is an incredible amount. Primarily Muslim, the Tatars of Crimea were instrumental in making the peninsula one of the centers of Islamic culture. Crimea. In 1783, the Russian Empire annexed Crimea after an earlier war with Turkey. If Russia. For decades, a Soviet-era canal brought Crimea 85 percent of its freshwater from rivers on the Ukrainian mainland. Why is that? Photo: AxeL M, CC BY-SA 4.0. The largest of them is Lake Sasyk () on the southwest coast; others include Aqtas, Koyashskoye, Kiyatskoe, Kirleutskoe, Kizil-Yar, Bakalskoe, and Donuzlav. The classical name for Crimea, Tauris or Taurica, is from the Greek (Taurik), after the peninsula's Scytho-Cimmerian inhabitants, the Tauri. The peninsula also has many deposits of bromine and potassium salt. A look at the country's natural resources: Oil and Gas Ukraine has the second-biggest known gas reserves in Europe, apart from Russia's gas reserves in Asia, although largely unexploited. The main range of these mountains rises with extraordinary abruptness from the deep floor of the Black Sea to an altitude of 6001,545 metres (1,9695,069ft), beginning at the southwest point of the peninsula, called Cape Fiolent. The energy picture in Crimea and Ukraine is also tricky: Crimea relies on Ukraine for much of its electricity, and Europe relies on Russia for about 25 percent of its natural gas, according. The climate is a big reason why Russian leaders are so adamant about keeping Crimea within their sphere: The Black Sea is home to Russia's only warm-water ports. The resources of the region can ultimately add further steam to the Russian economy, which in 2021 looked to fuel, energy and steel for 65% of its exports. It has vast offshore oil and gas resources in the Black Sea, estimated between 4-13 trillion cm of natural gas. New York, Iron ore reserves In the 13th century, some Crimean port cities were controlled by the Venetians and by the Genovese, but the interior was much less stable, enduring a long series of conquests and invasions. Economic development is slowing down. [48] The frost-free period ranges from 160 to 200 days in the steppe and mountain regions to 240260 days on the south coast. Also Read:Russia attacks Ukraine: Is this World War III? Both Russia and the West see Ukraine as a prospective buffer against each other. It comprises the main peninsula and a smaller peninsula known as the Kerch Peninsula. His desire is reflected by the Russian military's continued encroachment into eastern Ukraine for the past several years. The German Chancellor has stopped certifying Nord Stream II in view of Russia's aggression. The agreement lets coastal nations claim what are known as exclusive economic zones that can extend up to 200 nautical miles (or 230 statute miles) from their shores. If you're looking for a time when the geopolitical scene in Crimea was stable, you won't have much luck. [citation needed] [119], A number of Crimean-born athletes have been given permission to compete for Russia instead of Ukraine at future competitions, including Vera Rebrik, the European javelin champion. Many of these sanctions were directed at individualsboth Russian and Crimean. Ukrainian territory occupied by Russia since 2014, May 2015 satellite image of the Crimean Peninsula, "Crimea river" redirects here. Thus, much of the gas exploration, as well as production, have been transferred to Russia, due to which Ukraine's resources remain untapped. Crimea has been a part of Ukraine since 1954, when Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev "gave" it to Ukraine, which was then part of the Soviet Union until its dissolution in 1991. However, Gazprom's Nord Stream II pipeline which goes through the Baltic Sea might have hit a major roadblock with the Russian President Vladimir Putin's invasion of Ukraine. [56] The number of tourist arrivals reached a record in 2012 at 6.1million. Crimea is a peninsula in Eastern Europe located on the Black Sea's northern coast and the Sea of Azov's western coast. Apart from natural gas, Ukraine abounds with minerals such as iron, coal, titanium, and other non-metallic raw materials. During its heyday, 27,000 children a year vacationed at Artek. Russia has deployed offensive weapons and systems within striking distance of Ukraine, including main battle tanks, self-propelled howitzers, infantry fighting vehicles, multiple launch rocket systems, Iskander short-range ballistic missile systems, and towed artillery, as highlighted in Figures 1a and 1b. Crimean water resources are limited, failing to fully meet the drinking and economic needs of the region. Reports of explosions in Bakhchysarai, occupied Crimea. The coast then runs south to Sevastopol/Chersonesus, a good natural harbor, great naval base and the largest city on the peninsula. At the beginning of the 20th century, a major development of palaces, villas, and dachas beganmost of which remain. [44] The North Crimea Canal, which transports water from the Dnieper, is the largest of the man-made irrigation channels on the peninsula. [48] As a result, the climate favors recreation and tourism. [7], The vine mealybug (Planococcus ficus) was first discovered here in 1868. The autonomous republic was dissolved in 1945, and Crimea became an oblast of the Russian SFSR. [115] Notwithstanding the annexation, the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) kept control of its eparchies in Crimea.[116]. Between 1315 and 1329 CE, the Arab writer Ab al-Fid recounted a political fight in 13001301 CE which resulted in a rival's decapitation and his head being sent "to the Crimea",[4] apparently in reference to the peninsula,[5] although some sources hold that the name of the capital was extended to the entire peninsula at some point during Ottoman suzerainty (14411783).[6]. This power production is set to be bolstered by the building of and near start up of two combined cycle gas steam turbo thermal plants PGU, both providing 470 MW (116 167 MW GT, 235 MW block), a build (plant) by TPE along others with turbines provided by Power Machines (UTZ KalugaTZ? West: The Isthmus of Perekop /Perekop/Or Qapi, about 7km (4mi) wide, connects Crimea to the mainland. Furthermore, fossil fuels are not infinite, which means Russia has to scout additional sources of natural gases to tap. Interestingly, China was the largest importer of Ukrainian titanium iron ores in 2021, with Russia on the second spot (15.3 per cent), and Turkey ranked third (14.5 per cent). Though the United States, along with many other nations and the U.N., has refused to recognize the validity of Russia's annexation of Crimea, its control remains disputed between both Ukraine and the Russian Federation. Visit our corporate site (opens in new tab). It is studded with summer sea-bathing resorts such as Alupka, Yalta, Gurzuf, Alushta, Sudak, and Feodosia. Artek is a former Young Pioneer camp on the Black Sea in the town of Hurzuf, near Ayu-Dag, established in 1925. The primary source of hydrocarbons in Ukraine is natural gas, though the most lucrative gas reserves are located below 5,000 meters. Ukraine's major resources Russian-controlled areas since Feb. 24 Russia-annexed (Crimea) or separatist-controlled (Donbas) areas since 2014 Coal Metals 100 MILES Crimea Crimea Natural gas. The Belbek has the greatest average discharge at 2.16 cubic metres per second (76cuft/s). "We are scared for our families, for our children.". [89], Crimea is Ukrainian territory currently occupied by Russia; Ukraine has not relinquished title over the Crimean territory since the events of 2014, Crimea is internationally recognized as part of Ukraine. Also many solar photovoltaic SES plants lie along the peninsula, in addition to a smaller facility north of Sevastopol. Turkey provided the greatest support to Tatars in Ukraine, which had been unable to resolve the problem of education in their mother tongue in Crimea, by bringing the schools to a modern state.[95][96]. Seventy-five percent of the remaining area of Crimea consists of semiarid prairie lands, a southward continuation of the PonticCaspian steppe, which slope gently to the northwest from the foothills of the Crimean Mountains. Sources and Further Reference Sydnor, Charles S. "The Development of Southern Sectionalism 1819-1848." "The Crimea! Artek was considered to be a privilege for Soviet children during its existence, as well as for children from other communist countries. A foothold in the country would mean an economic driver, energy security, and a strong and secure strategic position. The average salary was $290 per month. Live Science is part of Future US Inc, an international media group and leading digital publisher. However, Ukraine's current government wants to not only join NATO but also be a part of the European Union (EU). When did Democrats and Republicans switch platforms? The courts, however, are part of the judicial system of Ukraine and have no autonomous authority. Putin has also spoken of Crimea's historic links to Russia and Russia's Black Sea Fleet. 2.5), Polybius, (Histories 4.39.4), and Ptolemy (Geographia. Covering an area of 27,000km2 (10,425sqmi), Crimea is located on the northern coast of the Black Sea and on the western coast of the Sea of Azov; the only land border is shared with Ukraine's Kherson Oblast on the north. The country gets 55 per cent of its natural gas from Russia, and the bulk of it goes through Ukraine, which earns a transit fee equivalent to $7 billion. During the years of Soviet rule, the resorts and dachas of this coast served as prime perquisites of the politically loyal. Crimea has its own legislative body the 100-member Supreme Council of Crimea and executive power is held by a Council of Ministers, which is headed by a chairman who serves with the approval of the president of Ukraine. Crimea is a peninsula jutting into the Black Sea south of Ukraine. With a length of 19km, it is the longest bridge in Europe, as it overcame Vasco da Gama Bridge in Lisbon. The omission of the definite article in English ("Crimea" rather than "the Crimea") became common during the later 20th century. 165. Ukrainian president Zelenskiy drew attention to this fact in August 2022 when he stated that it was "necessary to liberate Crimea" from Russian occupation and to re-establish "world law and order". [48] The northern parts of Crimea have a moderate continental climate with short but cold winters and moderately hot dry summers. As of late 2019, known Ukrainian reserves amounted to 1.09 trillion cubic meters of natural gas, second only to Norway's known resources of 1.53 trillion cubic meters. Russian justification that this action was taken to protect Russian ethnicity, as declared . Not to be confused with, Russia underwent a series of political changes in the period of the raids.
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