Himalayan Journal of Sociology and Anthropology. 10.3126/hjsa.v4i0.4672. Or Hamal and Chhatyal are one and the same.All of these surnames are very similar to the surnames of the present day Thakuri. They also believe in ghosts and demons that haunt the crossroads and rivers. In great need of spiritual renewal and commitment to biblical faith. 19.9% of the total district population). Other data may have varying ages. Series of Aryan migration to Kathmandu led to increased population and formation of a complex urban and caste-based society. Kshetri do not consume pork like Rajputs which is a basis of cultural difference. In middle and southern Nepal, the land has been terraced for generations. [7] Hutt, Michael. Danmeeshwarbhavashcha Kshatram Karma Swabhvajam. If a Brahmin marry Baishya(Mongoloids, Chettri, Newars etc) then the couple automatically considered . Angira was a Vedic rishi known as the teacher of divine knowledge. Despite the forceful integration by the state into the pan-Hindu social structure, the traditionally non-Hindu groups and tribes do not necessarily adhere to the customs and practices of the caste system. In the Dewali Puja, Kshetris of the same clan give male goat sacrifices at a particular place. That caused Kunwars to rise to power and all Kshetris were thrown of power. These societies/ethnicities were: Khas/Parbatiya and Newars in the hills and Madhesis in the plains. Before making travel plans based on data presented here, please confirm with other sources to the extent possible. Nepal's culture is greatly influenced by its music, architecture, religion and literature.Your first sight of Nepal may leave you speechless, the great quantities of temples, churches, monasteries and other religious buildings, the hurly-burly in the streets and the number of people and animals socializing on every corner of the narrow cobble-stone lanes. The Chhetris are often clustered together with Brahmans as members of the "high caste (BC)" or grouped with the Brahmans and Newars as the "Brahman/Chhetri/Newar (BCN) group" of "dominant" Hill communities. [26], The 2011 Nepal census recorded Chhetris as the largest Hindu adherents in the nation with 4,365,113 people which is 99.3% of total Chhetri population. Khas/Kshetri or Khas/Chhetri (Nepali: ) are Turanid Ab-Original Native From of people belonging to Turkic-Mongol Mixed caste in Khas group, a Altaic ethno-linguistic group (see Altaic languages). Kshetris has second highest civil service representation with 19.59% of Nepal's bureaucracy after Bahuns while having 16% of Nepal's total population. Roughly 260 . When we look back to history, caste divides people into social groups based on their wealth, occupation, rank and race. Dalit Mahottari district during July-December, 2014. In Nepal, people of different castes wear different sorts of jewellery and dresses of Nepal which are unique to themselves and differ from the other castes to distinguish themselves. Katriya > Tharu Deula > Newar-Dalit > Pode 433. Music, theater and fine arts have traditionally been the domain of other, usually lower, castes, and, with the exception of the educated residents of the cities, Brahmins and Chhetri are not interested in art. They also consult the astrologer to be sure that the couple made a good choice. [3] On 28 May 2008, it was declared a republic,[4] ending the period of the Hindu Kingdom. [21][22], The nobility of Gorkha were mainly from Chhetri families and they had a strong presence in civil administration affairs. Full list of family names of hilly, Himalayas, terai, Madhesh regions. It was an attempt to include the entire Hindu as well as non-Hindu population of Nepal of that time into a single hierarchic civic code from the perspective of the Khas rulers. Surnames are Karki, Marhatta, Kattel, Dhimal. Wet rice is grown on terraced fields, divided into small plots inherited by generations. The term "gotra" refers to a lineage or clan, and Brahmins are traditionally divided into a number of gotras, each of which is associated with a particular Hindu ancestor. It describes the folk culture of any caste and particular tribes. 38,193. 7188, This page was last edited on 5 October 2022, at 18:20. Nepal: Growth of a Nation. Chhetri and Newar (BCN) clearly suggests a need for empirical research (Das and Hatlebakk, 2010). If we take it as nothing more than this, there is no reason to get offended. He symbolizes the Ursa Major or the Great bear along with the seven stars surrounding it. In Nepal, the Brahmin caste is traditionally considered to be one of the four main castes, along with Chhetri, Vaishya, and Sudra. Little, if any, history of Christianity. Table of population composition by caste/ethnic groups, 2001 AD. The mother and newborn baby are considered to be unclean until the eleventh day of the childs life. They also had a strong presence in civil administration affairs. People on the Indian Uttarakhand side claimed the Rajput caste while the same Khas people in Farwest and rest of Nepal claimed Chhetri caste. During his formative years, Chhetri's family was living in austerity. There are a few things that are a trade secret of your castes. Basnyat, Pande and Thapas were most powerful Chhetri groups led by Shivaram Singh Basnyat, Kalu Pande and Birbhadra Thapa at the Unification of Nepal. 48.61% of the total population speak the language as a mother tongue. The Bhardwaj gotra came from him. Madhusudan Subedi. According to 1854 Muluki Ain (Legal Code) of Nepal, Kshetris belong to sacred thread bearers (Yagyopavit) and twice born (Dvija) Hindus.[1]. However, this has not happened yet but we are hopeful. It was rooted in traditional Hindu Law and codified social practices for several centuries in Nepal. They often opposed each other. [6] that marginalized the monarchy, and the Chhetri presence in the armed forces, police, and Government of Nepal. For military and ruling class in Hinduism, see. He gained prominence as a scholar in different languages in the Indian subcontinent. In terms of earning/income generation, Newars have the highest per capita income of Rs. All Brahmini and Chhetri are Hindu and profess most basic Hindu beliefs. People of the Khas group as well as children conceived from the relationships of Brahmin men and Khas women were named Khatri, after which they obtained the status of Chhetri. Their simple, primitively decorated houses are an expression of the lack of artistic inspiration, although it is common knowledge that Brahmins like to dance and they know how. Thus, the highest military rank (Chief of Army Staff previously Commander-in-Chief) is completely monopolized by Chhetri caste.they also recruit in british army in large numbers, chhetri/thakuris dominant 40% of total nepal army strength , and they have reserved regiment the 9 gorkha rifles in indian army. Nwaran: Everything about Naming Ceremony in Nepal, Susssssssss!!!!! Paper presented at National Dialogue Conference on ILO Convention 169 on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples, Kathmandu, 1920 January 2005. Scripture Prayers for the Chhetri in Nepal. This is a rather good thing as the caste-specific rituals and traditions will be enjoyed by all, and be spread all over Nepal. The population of Khas-Chhetris constitutes 17.6% but its participation is mere 14.7%. Hope you find the information you are searching for here in this article. Gandhi arrived in Durban, Natal (now kwaZulu-Natal) Blue is the color of all-inclusiveness. ethnic identity, or the caste system in Nepal. Gurung, H. (2005). While Kshetri . When they are about eight years old, the children begin doing domestic chores. The girl has a low status in a new family and usually the mother-in-law commissions her most arduous work. When a boy turns 7, his hair is cut off a small strand of hair is left behind to indicate that he belongs to the Hindu culture and formally becomes a member of the caste. Kashyap gotra, kaushik gotra, bhardwaj gotra, kaundinya gotra and more. Their population consists primarily of three castes, or social classes: the Brahmins (priests and scholars); the Kshatriyas (rulers and warriors); and the Achut (laborers and servants). The second is karma, or the law of cause and effect it means that the current state of affairs exists as a result of behaviors in the past and in previous lives. Contact: maya@lifeofus.net. They recognize local gods, goblins, and spirits. Baptism is considered the ultimate proof of conversion, and the person performing the baptism can face up to a six-year prison term. In front of the house and sometimes on the floor of the room inside the house wonderful colorful pictures are created with the help of colorful sand or dyed rice flour, colored beans and flower petals as an invitation to the holy deities to the house. Mandabya was a great sage as per Hindu texts. Most of the farmers raise buffalo and goats for meat and cows for milk. Please. [23] In terms of education, 88.0% of Khas Brahmins & Chhetris, and Newars have access to school, 12.0% have never been to school. And in Nepal, caste wise there are three caste having surname Bhandari. 46, No. Here is the most comprehensive list of Nepali surnames and titles of various ethnic groups of Nepal. Due to this people marry in their caste and avoid same gotra. Amar Singh Thapa based on religious values developed Nishankalika flag after ceremoniously inviting Kalika Bhawani, ancestors, friendly deities and 49 Maruts to reside on the flag. That's approximately 4.3 percent of the total Indian . Nepal's Downtrodden: A nation struggles to find the way to relieve 4.5 million Dalits from the stigma of "untouchability". Nepal opened its borders in 1951. What's the largest caste/ethnicity in Nepal? sabin basnet on May 16, 2022. khulal Basnet ko gotra chai k ho? List of Tables Table A: changes in the caste/ethnic population between the census 2011 and census 2001 Table 1.1: Proportion of population by caste and ethnic group, nepal, 2010/11 Table 2: poverty groups by ethnic/caste groups, nepal, 2010/11 Table 3: nominal per capita consumption . Human Resources Development Research Center, Kathmandu. While this is being said, we also have to acknowledge that this division of caste has created discrimination. Some of these names are shared among Bahuns and Thakuris, indicating a common Khas origin among these higher castes.Examples of occupation-derived surnames are Adhikari ("official"), Khadka ("sword-bearer") and Kunwar ("prince"). [2][3] Hill-Kshetri, Kshetri, Chhetri, Pahadi Chhetri and Khas Kshetri are all used to denote this caste. The Kunwar high rank officers escalated quickly between 1841 AD to 1854 AD. In many cases people get confused in Caste and Gotra. Tools. The present Thakuri and Raute Thakuri are a single caste. The term gotra refers to a lineage or clan, and Brahmins are traditionally divided into a number of gotras, each of which is associated with a particular Hindu ancestor. Dont Tell Your Nwaran Name, KEEP IT SECRET, 60 Flowers Names in Nepali; What Does it Symbolize, 43 Different Authentic Nepali Spices Name In English. 1 (Feb., 1987), pp. The Newar population of Nepal was estimated to be about 1,250,000 in the early 21st century. The groom should be several years older than the bride. Dhimal Caste is an old tribal Bhumiputra who has been living in Morang, Sunsari and Jhapa in the present Terai region of Eastern Nepal since time immemorial with very close ties with land, water and forest. A displayed zero can mean true zero, a very small rounded number or sometimes unknown. [18] Jung Bahadur Rana, founder of Rana dynasty also belonged to the Chhetri community. The clothes are used according to their geographical belt in Nepal. Chhetri . This stands true especially in this modern era where the distinction between them is getting blurred. Hindu people who have Kaundinya gotra have the surnames- Trital, Thapa, Satyal, Parajuli, Paneru, Pathak, Marashini, Khadka, Gaagle, Bhandari, Baskota, Acharya, Neupane, Paneru, Pakurel, Sapkota, Kharel. In Nepal, the Brahmin caste is traditionally considered to be one of the four main castes, along with Chhetri, Vaishya, and Sudra. [1][12], Hierarchies of Major Caste/Ethnic Groups in Nepal according to Muluki Ain:[17][18], Terai Brahmin (referred in the code as Indian/Desi Brahmin) (no mention of Terai Kshatriya groups), Gurkha clans - Gurung, Magar, Kirat (Rai and Limbu). Some are even specific to one specific subcaste of the surname. Chhetri was a caste of administrators, governor and military elites in the medieval Khas Kingdom and Gorkha Kingdom (later unified Kingdom of Nepal ). - Few evangelicals, but significant number who identify as Christians. The Nepalese have many racial, cultural, and linguistic similarities to the people of northern India. Many Chhetrich serve in the Nepalese army or in the Gorkh brigades of the Indian or British army. They generally worship their clan deity (Kul Devta), friendly deity (Ishta Devta) and Khas Masto deities. People with the same Gotra are Sagotri in Hindu society. Between India & Tibet Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. The major castes living in Pokhara are Brahmins, Chhetris, Gurungs, Magars and Dalits, mainly following Buddhist and Hindu religions. The village affairs are managed by a formally or informally formed council of elders, in which Brahmini and Chhetri often play a significant role due to the status of landowners and relatively high education. There has been a long debate in the literature over whether the caste system is a unique social phenomenon or simply one manifestation of . People with Garga gotra have surnames as Lamichhane, Bhetwal, Chudal, Bhurtel, Acharya, Gajurel, Bastola, Rijal. Girls help care for the younger children, carry food for the animals, and haul water. Another important festival is the Tihar festival Dipavali, a festival of lights lasting five days. This greatly exceeds the Kshatriya portion in most regions with predominantly Hindu populations. Nepali folk dance is the traditional dance which is performed in Nepal with the help of folk music and song. January 19, 2022 . People Group Location: Omid. [10] It also solidified the supremacy of Kanyakubja Brahmin descendants like the Rajopadhyaya Brahmins over other priests like Maithil Brahmins. There are many rites of passage for children, such as the first rice feeding and the first haircut. [13], In the early modern history of Nepal, Chhetris played a key role in the Unification of Nepal, providing the core of the Gorkhali army of the mid-18th century. We welcome. - Evangelicals have a significant presence. Son of the rishi Atri, Bhardwaj is an honoured sage and among the Sapta Rishis. Moreover, there are concerns about Sagotri marriage practice not just culturally/ morally but from a scientific point of view as well. In 1963, Legal Code was replaced by New 1964 Legal Code. They are excluded from and considered ritually unclean by the other classes of Hindus. Also, girls go through puberty rites and boys go through initiations known as "sacred thread ceremonies." These values were seen as a potent instrument of Rana political repression. In this process the left outs were oppressed class (Dalits), women, the poorest of the poor, powerless and the second class citizen and indigenous nationalities (Adivasi Janajatis). We even met the owners of a butcher shop which is the domain of the lower caste declare belonging to a brahmana caste. Bhadrakali, a popular form of Goddess Kali, is the main deity of the Nepalese Army (previously Gorkhali Army) due to prevalence of Kshetri commanders. Although caste or tribe based hierarchy has been a hallmark for all ethnicities of Nepal, only three societies traditionally were part of the four Varna concept of social division and hierarchy. Sometimes, Bhandari Kshetri family of Jaswanta Bhandari was also considered as Kaji Khalak family of the Royal court of Nepal. Dance is completed in Nepal with traditional, classical, and music. February 7, 2022. Joshua Project occasionally adjusts profile text from third party sources. p. 6. The villages consist of loosely grouped homes surrounded by farm land. Now, they usually marry later, but still do not begin living with their husbands until they have matured. More than fifty (52.0%) of Hill Dalits, 47.0% of the Tarai Dalits, 48.0% of the Muslims and 30 percent of the Hill Adivasi Janajatis have never been to school. Despite historical persecution, exclusion and cultural encroachment, the indigenous Dhimals still live in 97 Dhimal villages . It is a form of millennium old ancient worship continued till date. People from Vishwamitra/ Kaushika gotra use this word as a surname too. , Transliteration: Maawali ko thar jogaunu, Budamaawaliko ghar jogaunu. Living in rural areas, Brahmans and Chhetri usually support Newar shopkeepers in their commercial activities. Similarly, girls also may add middle names like Kumari, Maya, etc. Though Nepal is a small country, it comprises various types of traditional dance. [5] The nobility of the Gorkha Kingdom mainly originated from Chhetri families. of them were women, and 44% were the Brahmins and Chhetri caste. Then the mans special relationship with his ideals is raised, a special place in this mandala also has three species of animals associated with man a cow, a dog and a crow. From now on as long as her husband is alive a married woman wears vermilion powder on her brocaded brocade. Since the promulgation of the Muluki Ain (Legal Code) in 1854, the caste categorization in Nepal is taken as the primary organizing principle and the major determinant of social identity. Nepal's caste system was and continues to be quite complex. The ethnic makeup of Nepal reflects the historical migratory patterns into the country from the North and South. [34] The European Union has been accused of direct interference, creating ethnic strife and negative discrimination towards Khas Arya due to their recommendation to remove the reservation for Khas Aryas.[35][34]. [23] These number varied after the democratization of Nepal. 691. (Gharti Chhetri), Basnyat/Basnet, Bham, Majhi, Mudula, Bhandari, Bista/Bisht, Budha, Budhathoki, Gaura bagale, Ghatala, Heita, Heta, Hetal, Chauhan, Thakulla, Thagunna, Chhetri, Dhami, D.C(Dangi Chhetri), Deoja, Kottari, Godar, Kalikote, Karki, Katawal, Khadga, Khadka, Kharka, Khati, Khati Khadka, Khadgaha, khaptari, berma, Kadayat, Kathayat, Khadka, Khatri/Khatri Chhetri(K.C. Profile. A family dying man takes to the river, all rivers are considered sacred. At the end of the eighteenth century, Nepal was united by kings who were the ancestors of Thakuri the aristocratic wing of the Chhetri caste. Lixoti It is said that the great king of Nepal Prithibhi Narayan Shah(1723-75) went to Banaras, India and changed his Gotra from 'Bharadwaj' to 'Kasyap' to remain free from the sin of 'Gotra Hatya'(killing of own clan) during unification of Nepal. Chhetri. Social composition of the Population: Caste/Ethnicity and Religion in Nepal", "Brahmins and Chhetris land most government jobs", "Khas Arya quota provision in civil services opposed", "Nepal-India Relations: Need for Urgent Paradigm Shift - Mainstream Weekly", "Next Door Nepal: The nationalist's hour", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chhetri&oldid=1121072498, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, "Related ethnic groups" needing confirmation, Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters, Articles containing Nepali (macrolanguage)-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 10 November 2022, at 10:16. The most disadvantaged and underprivileged caste (Dalit) of Nepal has benefitted the least from maternal health service improvements in the recent years. According to the 2011 census, 81.3% of the Nepalese population is Hindu, 9.0% are Buddhist, 4.4% are Muslim, 3.0% are Kiratist (indigenous ethnic religion), 1.4% are Christian, 0.1% are Sikhs, 0.1% are Jains and 0.7% follow other . Men meet then to make bets sometimes they pledge the rich jewelry of their wives and daughters, or their own homes. They service the cutting and sale of chicken and goat meat, but they will not touch beef or buffalo meat, which they consider unclean. Terai occupational castes Dhobi, Halkhor, Chamar, Dushad, Dom, Musahars, etc. Most of the Newar are Hindus, but some practice an Indian form of Buddhism. Most notable contradiction is the inclusion of previously non-Hindu tribes "Adivasi Janajati" groups, as well as non-Nepalis including Muslims and Europeans into the hierarchical fold. [19], During the monarchy, Chhetris continued to dominate the ranks of the Nepalese government, Nepalese Army, Nepalese Police and administration. In the times of unification of Nepal, Kshetris were more rigid to worship of ferocious forms of Godess Kali and Lord Shiva. In 1963, a law (New Muluki Ain-1963) was passed making it illegal to discriminate against other castes led all castes to be equally treated by the law. Alphaltopi. Nepalese girls were traditionally married before they reached the age of ten. The restructuring also yielded power to newly formed Malla aristocracy of the Chathariya Shrestha who formed the new powerful aristocratic caste of the Malla kingdom. [8] Kshetri dominate the military forces with nearly all high ranked officers belonging to either Kshetri or Thakuri caste. Although they three have same surname, all of them are different. Kaushik is a popular patri-clan for the Brahmin and Kshatriya. Nepalese villages consist of loosely grouped homes surrounded by farm land. [28][29], Chhetris are largest caste group in 21 districts of Nepal as per 2001 Nepal census and 24 districts as per 2011 Nepal census. Mourning after the death of a loved one persists for thirteen days after death, which includes the exclusion of some ingredients from the diet, for example salt. Then many sacrificial rituals are performed, animal sacrifices are also made, people feast and visit their close and distant relatives. Ask God to bless worship and intercession by Christians from other countries who come to prayer-walk in Nepal. Kshetri commonly have warrior like deities as Bhadrakali, Kalika Bhawani and different forms of Goddess Kali as female deity and Rudra, Veerbhadra (ferocious forms of Shiva) as male deity. New divisions and differences have given rise to new antagonisms and social norms. Tiji Festival. Although violent acts are sometimes seen against them, especially when one of them enters, or terraces peacefully while walking the main artery of the city, nevertheless they are considered as holy beings. Men shave their heads for mourning. Regardless of which caste or ethnicity you belong to, it is just a form of identification but nothing more. Rural political life has its own dynamism, independent of changes on the national political scene. 117. . [9] Jayasthiti Malla's restructuring also converted celibate Buddhist monks to householder status and inside the hierarchic fold for the first time to form the caste of Vajracharya and Shakya. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. How Do Different People Assess Social Change In Nepal? [32] As per the explanation of legal provisions of Constitution of Nepal, Khas Arya comprises the Brahmin, Kshetri, Thakur and Sanyasi (Dashnami) communities. The caste system defines social classes by a number of hierarchical endogamous groups often termed jaat. There were 12 Basnyats, 16 Pandes, 6 Thapas and 3 Kunwar officers totalling to 51 Chhetri officers in the year 1841 A.D.[19] The most prominent officers at Shah administration were the Kazis which had control over civil and military functions like a Minister and Military officer combined. In Nepal, high castes dominate 91.2% among the prominent position in politics and bureaucracy. They donot practice maternal cousin marriages as Thakuri caste which is the basis of cultural distinction. . In urban areas, both castes have the privilege to serve government, political and financial industries. The costumes of the community become costumes of folk dancers and folk dance has been practiced in our . The highest caste was always Brahmins, holding positions of priests and teachers in the Hindu community. ), Khulal, Kshetri, Mahat, Mahatara, Pande/Pandey, Punwar, Pwar, Kunwar, Lama, Rana, Mhyak Rana, Ranabhat, Rayamajhi, Raya, Rathor, Raut, Rawat, Rawal, Rayamajhi, Rokaya/Rokka/Rokaha, Pulami, Silwal, Suyal, Swar, Sauka, Sijapati, Sinjapati, Sakya, Sutar, Saod, Saud, Tandon, Thapa etc. In 1951AD, democracy was established and Kshetri rule were stopped. Chhetri is the largest caste/ethnic groups having 16.6% (4,398,053) of the total population followed by Brahman-Hill (12.2% ; 3,226,903).". [6] All of the Prime Minister of Nepal between 1768 and 1950 were Chhetris with the exception of Ranga Nath Poudyal, being a Brahmin. [11] Hence, the present Newar society's foundation firmly stands on this restructuring by Malla as Newar society continues to comprise the 4 varna and 64 different caste groups which were hierarchically allotted in Jayasthiti Malla's time according to the classical and religious Hindu scriptures like the Manusmriti. Christianity is looked at as the "foreigners" religion. Everyone works on the field, but the woman spends more time during the day on housework and in the field. Side Note* This list is purely for educational purposes and is here just to give you information. A lot of youths do not care about things such as caste. Only men are made as priests. Most of the Nepalese are farmers. Agirl during the first menstruation is transferred to another house, where she is hidden by the eyes of men from her family and from sunlight. Most surnames under Atreya Gotra includes Dawadi, Paudel, Rosyara, Sigdel, Sharma, Thapa, Bhatta, Duwadi, Aryal, Devkota, Dulal, Kalikote, Khadka, Pokharel. [8] This restructuring was a result of over a millennia of newer Aryan immigrants from the plains since the time of the Lichchavis. Populations are scaled to the current year. Kshetris are the second largest Hindu group with Hindu population of 43,65,113 (99.3% of Kshetris) as per the 2011 Nepal census. are found . List of ethnic caste-groups in Nepal by population. There is a belief that people from the same Gotra descended from a common ancestor. 25 Feb 2014 - codefornepal. Originally a natural religion, this caste has always been very proud of being a Thakuri. In Nepal, two types of dances are occurred, namely classical and folk dances. - Few evangelicals and few who identify as Christians. The fact is that a vast majority of the Khas have never been Hinduised, let alone 'Chhetri-ised'.
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