[Investigation on demands for antenatal care services among 2 002 pregnant women during the epidemic of COVID-19 in Shanghai]. $e`bd`|v!# )p Here, we report how the COVID-19 pandemic brings not only opportunities for the development and popularization of online antenatal care programs but also challenges. Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: Young-Wolff, Ray, Alexeeff, Adams, Ansley, Avalos. doi: 10.1016/j.wombi.2020.03.011. The sample comprised all KPNC pregnant women screened for prenatal cannabis use via a universal urine toxicology test from January 1, 2019, through December 31, 2020, during standard prenatal care (at 8 weeks gestation). The obstetric doctor can then closely monitor patients glucose levels and provide appropriate dietary suggestions and medications. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. (2020) , Medical and Nonmedical Cannabis Use Among Pregnant Women in the United States. This work is available under the CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). URL: Coronavirus infection and pregnancy: Information for pregnant women and their families. This could contribute to a reduction in medical resources inequality and help pregnant women resolve various health problems during the pandemic. A total of 983 Chinese pregnant women completed the questionnaire, and it was found that more than 80% had taken self-protection actions, such as wearing a face mask, handwashing, and home quarantine, to avoid being infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (Figure 1). In the absence of a central directive in England, the nature of restrictions varied across Trust the science. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on antenatal care utilisation in Kenya: a cross-sectional study. Pregnant women who fall into this group are advised to attend only those GPs and hospital visits, which are necessary (10). Our findings indicate how the lack of access to antenatal care and reduced perceived social support as a result of the restrictions implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, potentially intensifies pregnancy specific stress. In order to promote physical distancing and create a safe environment for you when you come to Mass General for visits, some prenatal care visits may be performed virtuallywhen doing so is safe for your pregnancy. The high infection risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in hospitals is particularly problematic for recently delivered mothers and currently pregnant women who require professional antenatal care. They are susceptible to respiratory infections due to reduced lung function, increased oxygen consumption, and alteration in immunological function due to pregnancy. In the meantime, this can be combined with information technology products, such as using electronic devices with remote monitoring functions to monitor basic indicators such as fetal heart rate and movement, to serve as a proxy for some routine obstetric examinations. In the context of the pandemic, pregnant women face an additional dilemmathey need professional antenatal care, there is a potential risk for cross-infection if they choose to visit a hospital to receive this service [6]. Midwifery. Methods: A cross-sectional study was WebCOVID-19 infections, have the right to high-quality care before, during and after childbirth (3). Webcare during the COVID-19 pandemic Indonesia Original Research Evidence suggets that proper PPE protection is suboptimal and there is an increase load of work during the An official website of the United States government. and Bakacak, M. (2022) Factors Associated with Antenatal Depression during the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV2) Pandemic A Cross-Sectional Study in a Cohort of Turkish Pregnant Women. Meeker M. Internet Trends 2019. 2023 Jan 13;18(1):e0279990. Subject to determining the most appropriate models for providing medical services, health care providers should use clinical judgment and consider the individual circumstances of pregnant women (3,7,9). The popularization of online antenatal care programs is likely to have an economic benefit to both the health care system and to women in terms of cost, time, and manpower. l&F@1* U Vol 22 The direct and indirect consequences of COVID-19 on maternal health are intertwined. endstream endobj 348 0 obj <. HW, WS, and XH contributed equally to this work. Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RANZCOG). Online antenatal care programs can take various forms: online courses to deliver pregnancy-related information, mobile phone apps to motivate healthy behaviors during pregnancy, and mobile health (mHealth) apps to provide mental consultations [8,9]. document.write( 'span>' ); Further research includes pilot studies to explore the acceptability of the model and recommendation implementation in practice. Perth: Government of Western Australia Department of Health; 2020. Recently, we performed a web-based survey among Chinese pregnant women via a national online platform (Banmi National Online Maternity School) to investigate their self-protection behaviors and attitudes toward antenatal care during the pandemic. S, Meah Change in Percentage of Cannabis Use During Pregnancy After the Start of the Pandemic, Volkow In cases that ANC is not provided in pregnant women at the clinic, it can be undertaken on the phone, via whats app, skype, facetime (where available). Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060185. With the emergence of COVID-19 pandemic, it is not impossible that access to quality antenatal care services would be further threatened in the region. Terms of Use| A study in China found that many pregnant women had concerns about the reliability of online gestational information [17]. Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on provision of sexual and reproductive health services in primary health facilities in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study. 2020 Dec 8;12:1181-1188. doi: 10.2147/IJWH.S287534. (https://www.rcog.org.uk/globalassets/documents/guidelines/2020-05-13-guidance-for-maternal-medicine-services-in-the-evolving-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic.pdf). 1 Pregnant women report using cannabis to relieve stress and anxiety, 2 and prenatal cannabis use may have risen during the COVID-19 pandemic as pregnant women faced general and pregnancy-specific The impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on maternity care in Europe. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279990. Postpartum people's experiences of and responses to the COVID-19 pandemic during the first year of the pandemic: A descriptive qualitative study. The well-being of both mother and fetus requires further investigation of the effects of the SARS-CoV-2 virus during pregnancy. Healthcare systems of Africa have been known to suffer various challenges which threaten the quality of health services that are offered to the population [ 2 ]. 2020). Also, if necessary, their prescriptions should be sent through the post along with a video link of how to self-inject drugs, or a video appointment following receipt (9,10). MC, Khurana Additionally, women with some chronic diseases such as diabetes and deep vein thrombosis should be identified as extremely vulnerable to the severe effects of COVID-19 and be shielded. However, in certain circumstances, antenatal care in hospitals is irreplaceable (eg, high-risk pregnant women with or at risk of vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, or other serious discomforts) [18]. Characteristics of marijuana use during pregnancyeight states, Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, 2017. Statistical analysis: Ray, Alexeeff, Avalos. -, Nguyen L.H., Drew D.A., Graham M.S., et al. Some rights reserved. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan. COVID-19 was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2020 (1). <> The prepandemic period was defined as urine toxicology tests conducted from January 2019 to March 2020 and the pandemic period from April through December 2020 (see Laboratory Methods in the Supplement). HW, WS, and XH contributed to the conception and design of this viewpoint, drafted the primary version of manuscript, edited the manuscript, and reviewed the final version. The fear of the Covid-19 pandemic had a cross-cutting effect on utilisation of maternity services in selected levels III and IV public health facilities within five MNCH priority counties in Kenya. 2020;22 Pregnant women were identified as being at elevated risk from COVID-19 early in the pandemic. Key principles for the provision of antenatal care through the evolving coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic 3.1 Maintaining essential monitoring Many elements of antenatal care may require in-person assessment, in particular blood pressure and urine checks, measurement of fetal growth, and blood tests. endobj WrG3w4L4&' S8CZ./. Queensland Clinical Guidelines. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess pregnant women's satisfaction with antenatal care and social support and to examine stress-reduction strategies women used during the pandemic. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. However, only 46.37% had six or more in-person antenatal visits, with the majority attended to by midwives at community health centers. /PageItemUIDToLocationDataMap <0 [220 0 3 -562.5 -354.898 -49.5 -338.953 1 0 0 1 -487.5 -279.898] Vasilevski V, Sweet L, Bradfield Z, Wilson AN, Hauck Y, Kuliukas L, Homer CSE, Szabo RA, Wynter K. Women Birth. The ITS analysis confirmed that these rates before and during the pandemic were stable, with no statistically significant month-to-month trends (Table). Care of the pregnant woman with COVID-19 in labor and delivery: Anesthesia, emergency cesarean delivery, differential diagnosis in the acutely ill parturient, care of the newborn, and protection of the healthcare personnel. A key fact about COVID-19 is that the vast majority of infections will result in very mild or no symptoms. -. All authors discussed and agreed on the implications of the study findings and approved the final version to be published. Galanis P, Vraka I, Fragkou D, Bilali A, Kaitelidou D. Impact of personal protective equipment use on health care workers' physical health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Generally, it seems that the hybrid model can be an efficient and preferred model to manage prenatal care in pregnant women. Findings: Read up on the COVID-19 vaccine frequently asked questions. Considered an essential business in California, cannabis retailers remained open during the pandemic with record sales in 2020.5 We used data from Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), a large integrated health care delivery system with universal screening for prenatal cannabis use to test the hypothesis that rates of prenatal cannabis use increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted >> eCollection 2023. WebThe COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect , the company s public news and information . . California Department of Tax and Fee Administration. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Bennett DL, Hajat S, Shishtawi A, Zeidan W, Abuzabaida F,et al. 2021 Sep;34(5):447-454. doi: 10.1016/j.wombi.2020.10.010. Online antenatal care can provide relatively less expensive medical services and diminish inequalities in health care due to its convenience and cost-effectiveness, especially in developing countries or regions. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060185. The required schedule and mode of care should be reassessed at each visit according to individual needs and current risks (7). Accessibility Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2020;00:17 2020. However, pregnant women and their families are likely to encounter greater tension and stress due to the COVID-19 pandemic within the community (5), therefore maternity services should be prioritized as fundamental core health service (3). East Mediterr Health J. Downe S, Finlayson K, Tunalp , Glmezoglu AM. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2015 Jun 05;3(2):e44 [, Feroz A, Perveen S, Aftab W. Role of mHealth applications for improving antenatal and postnatal care in low and middle income countries: a systematic review. WebAntenatal Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic Source: CDC, WHO, FOGSI Do not skip your antenatal care appointments. Background: During the pandemic, daily necessities were scarce and the cost of medical appointments was substantially higher than usual. //--> Of 100005 pregnancies (95412 women), 26% were Asian or Pacific Islander; 7%, Black; 28%, Hispanic; 34%, non-Hispanic White; and 5%, other, unknown, or multiracial. San Lau L, Samari G, Moresky RT, Casey SE, Kachur SP, Roberts LF, et al. Monthly Trends in Cannabis Use During Pregnancy Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic (N=100005), Table. It is best utilized for occasions when the person does not require physical clinical assessments and/or tests/investigations (3). Maternity services in low resource countries Online antenatal care would be a preferable alternative for these women since it can provide pregnancy-related information and remote clinic consultations. Furthermore, the lockdowns, curfews, and increased risk for contracting COVID-19 may affect how women access health facilities. 7407486, Copyright URL: Online Antenatal Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Opportunities and Challenges, JMIR Theme Issue: COVID-19 Special Issue (2062), Outbreak and Pandemic Preparedness and Management (1429), Theme Issue: Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak Rapid Reports (1316), Midwifery, Nurse-midwifery and Care for Pregnant or New Mothers (48), https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/19916, Huailiang For pregnant women who are self-quarantine at home, it should be guarantee that they remain well hydrated and are mobile during this period. The Lancet Public Health 2020 May;5(5):e240 [, Wang N, Deng Z, Wen LM, Ding Y, He G. Understanding the Use of Smartphone Apps for Health Information Among Pregnant Chinese Women: Mixed Methods Study. This would allow monitoring for serious pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia. In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is advisable that pregnant women should stay at home and receive necessary antenatal care via online antenatal care programs. Rates of biochemically verified prenatal cannabis use increased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic among pregnant women in Northern California. (https://www.healthywa.wa.gov.au/-/media/Files/Corporate/general-documents/Infectious-diseases/PDF/Coronavirus/Management-of-COVID-19-Infection-in-Pregnant-Women.ashx). Queensland Health. The median monthly sample size in the months before COVID-19 was 4085 (range, 3655-5040), with a mean of 4189. The study aimed to determine the utilization of antenatal care services of Filipino women during the COVID-19 pandemic. endstream endobj startxref 2021 Nov;102:103069. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2021.103069. Wang H, ND, Han Huailiang Wu, Weiwei Sun, Xinyu Huang, Shinning Yu, Hao Wang, Xiaoyu Bi, Jie Sheng, Sihan Chen, Babatunde Akinwunmi, Casper J P Zhang, Wai-Kit Ming. /2 [272 12 3 542.76 356.485 561.955 367.511 1 0 0 1 -46.0948 765.911] The site is secure. Having a plan in place for your URL: Duranku F, Aksu E. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on anxiety and depressive symptoms in pregnant women: a preliminary study. Governments should use their financial budget to support the popularization of modern electronic devices and internet service, which are essential for online antenatal care programs. Effect of restrictions imposed due to COVID-19 pandemic on the antenatal care and pregnancy outcomes: a prospective observational study from rural North India. Background: Covid-19 is a rapidly evolving pandemic, affecting both developed and developing countries. Pregnant women, aged over 18 years were recruited. Zhang, Wai-Kit Support models of care that provide maximum level of continuity of care are midwifery continuity of care, case management, as well as models of cares provided by midwife navigator, general practitioner (GP), private practice midwives, also cultural support models of care such as supports by healthcare workers or a community organization (7,8). All the respondents agreed on the necessity of antenatal care. Bondcap. WebSan Jose Conservation Corps and Charter School. document.write( '' ); Numerous studies have reported that a great majority of pregnant women search for pregnancy-related information on the internet [10,11]. Most respondents (71.38%) initiated antenatal care during the first trimester. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020 May 18:1-7. Community-based health care, including outreach and campaigns, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic Produced by: WHO, UNICEF, IFRC This guidance document addresses the role of community-based health care in the context of COVID Citation: Larki M; Sharifi F; Roudsari RL. If you are concerned about attending your The institutional review board of KPNC approved this study and waived the need for informed consent. /6 [-32768 8 3 -562.5 -333.638 -49.5 338.666 1 0 0 1 -382.943 -64.1378] As the disease evolves rapidly, new information is appearing that suggests pregnant women diagnosed as having coronavirus disease are likely to suffer high levels of morbidity (1). 700 were admitted to the ICU (ICU data were only available for 18,764 of 2020;26(5):492494. This study is limited to pregnant women universally screened in the KPNC system for prenatal cannabis use via urine toxicology testing early in pregnancy (8 weeks gestation) as part of standard prenatal care, and data do not reflect continued use throughout pregnancy. Al-Mandhari A, Kodama C, Abubakar A, Brennan R. Solidarity in response to COVID-19 outbreak in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Due to this, more extensive, optimized maternal care services should be applied to reduce overall maternal morbidity and mortality if online antenatal care are to be further developed, popularized, and adopted as an alternative path to health care services for pregnant women. In summary, online antenatal care can be a useful, alternative option for pregnant women in need of basic antenatal care and mental health consultation. 2023 Jan-Dec;19:17455057231157480. doi: 10.1177/17455057231157480. 2019;25(2):98103. Efforts to implement online care is likely to result in multiple innovations and revolutionize antenatal care services both in China and globally. In the absence of a central directive in England, the nature of restrictions varied across Our findings indicate that about 20% of respondents were afraid of any type of consultation at a hospital, while over 40% feared in-hospital antenatal visits. 6 0 obj This study uses National Survey on Drug Use and Health data to examine prevalence and frequency of medical and nonmedical cannabis use among pregnant and nonpregnant women between 2013 and 2017. Despite an overall positive perception of the necessity of antenatal care, utilization has been inadequate in more than half of the respondents. 347 0 obj <> endobj WebCannabis use among pregnant women is common and has increased in recent years in the US, from an estimated 3.4% in 2002 to 7.0% in 2017. Disclaimer. Methods: PMC Geneva: WHO/UNFPA; 2020 (https://www.unfpa.org/resources/covid-19-technical-brief-maternity-services). Wu, Weiwei Akinwunmi B, The model expressed by WHO is also a hybrid model, because methods of care delivery are combined. Aim: This comprehensive WHO guideline provides global, evidence-informed recommendations on routine antenatal care. Antenatal care among Palestine refugees in Jordan: factors associated with UNRWA attendance. These issues add to the normal stresses of pregnancy so that maternity care providers need to have guidance/referral mechanisms in place to support these women (3,7). Matern Child Health J. The .gov means its official. It is also recommended based on the guidelines WHO and UNFPA that the hybrid models could be considered in the management of prenatal care sessions based on womens needs and available health facilities (3,8). Methods: A cross-sectional study was In March 2020, the World Health Organisation named the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (Sars-CoV-2), which causes corona virus disease Error bars indicate 95% CIs of the standardized rates. It should be noted that, the required schedule and the models of care should be reassessed at each visit according to the individual needs and current risks. Women who have symptoms of COVID-19 and are suffering from pregnancy complications need to be seen separately in an isolated room or at the beginning or end of clinic when no other patients remain (8). However, maternity care providers need to be aware of the increased risk of antenatal anxiety and depression and domestic violence due to the economic and social impacts of the COVID19 pandemic. World Health Organization/United Nations Population Fund. An umbrella review to explore the barriers and facilitators to Influenza, Pertussis and COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy and within 2 years after childbirth, and to inform interventions to encourage uptake (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022327624). Because there is a shortage of evidence about rationalizing visit numbers, but evidence from lower and middle income countries suggests that attendance at five visits or less is associated with an increased risk of perinatal mortality (RR 1.15; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.32, three trials) (12). It is recommended that face to face visits be limited to less than 15 minutes and conducted with attendance of minimum number of people (preferably woman only), which could lead to minimizing time in appointment waiting areas (8). /Resources <> The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the child care available for families beyond the pandemic. The novel virus was first identified in an outbreak in the Chinese city of Wuhan in December 2019. Read up on the COVID-19 vaccine frequently asked questions. Conclusions: Also, they may need to additional visits or multi-disciplinary care in pregnancy (10,11). Copyright 2021 The Author(s). However, the popularity of online antenatal care programs remains low. The evidence indicates that if women do not attend antenatal services then they are at risk of maternal death, stillbirth and other adverse perinatal outcomes (3,4). eCollection 2020. 2010 Oct 6;(10):CD000934. The high infection risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in hospitals is particularly problematic for recently delivered mothers and currently pregnant women who require professional %%EOF 2021 Aug 4;18(1):166. doi: 10.1186/s12978-021-01217-5. /4 [318 10 3 -390.96 357.146 -56.64 366.878 1 0 0 1 -268.848 371.434] Before During the COVID-19 pandemic, our top priority is to keep our patients, staff, and communities Trust the science. Advocates for legalization have said that it would help reduce disparities - and yet it has simply created potentially far worse disparities for future generations. WebThe coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic may substantially affect health systems, but little primary evidence is available on disruption of health and nutrition services. There are some challenges and areas for improvement associated with online antenatal care. var attribs = ''; Researchers will analyze medical records of up to 21,000 women and will track more than 1,500 pregnant women confirmed with COVID-19 infection. Therefore, it is important to establish close collaboration between hospitals and professional institutes to improve the quality of online programs, ensuring the reliability of their information. It is recommended if positive COVID-19 is confirmed (7,8). et al. Development and Pilot Testing of the Eating4two Mobile Phone App to Monitor Gestational Weight Gain. Health care providers should be provided with convenient personal protection equipment (PPE) based on relevant guidelines when providing care for women with suspected infection or when entering homes, where other family members of pregnant women have Covid-19 symptoms (9). , No 7 A structured review of the literature. Why inequality could spread COVID-19. Also, referral to community clinics should be limited to emergency cases with significant risk factors. hand hygiene, disposal of consumables, equipment cleaning, social distancing) (5).
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